Safe transportation of chlorine

Chlorine is an essential raw material for many industrial processes and has been described as the single material on which the production of other chemicals most depends. In 2004, 9,856,302 tonnes were produced in Europe. Less than 10% was transported from producers as chlorine movement has been progressively reduced through supplier/customer relocations and increased use of inter-plant pipelines. A large proportion of the chlorine transported, by rail or road tanker, goes to small users who do not require sufficient quantities to make on-site chlorine production feasible. In almost 60 years, there has not been a single fatal accident in Europe involving bulk transport of chlorine.

Positive action on safety

The European chlor-alkali industry has developed a comprehensive Code of Good Practice1 (in connection or with the support of Authorities and transporters), which covers all aspects of transport, loading and unloading, and emergency planning. Euro Chlor members have also put in place an emergency response procedure throughout Western Europe to ensure that technical experts are ready to help in the event of a transport accident.

In 1970 European chlorine manufacturers developed a specific pneumatic valve with internal sealing. This has been used since then to ensure double locking during transportation and provides the facility for quick isolation of the discharge line during loading and unloading operations.

The layout of the transportation tank valves has been standardised in all European countries where members have plants to safeguard against any connection errors at customer facilities.

The tank wagon design code is more stringent that the regulations require - it incorporates a higher pressure specification, better low temperature impact resistance and higher specification steel.

Sharing information and experience within the industry on safe handling and transportation is critical. Euro Chlor has taken the initiative to encourage this with two membership grades (associate and technical correspondent) open to chlorine users, distributors and transport companies. This provides broader access to publications, technical seminars, advice and safety audits.

The industry has also taken practical steps to minimise chlorine transport. For examlpe:

  • Converting chlorine into ethylene dichloride (EDC) for shipment to PVC producers;
  • Using sodium hypochlorite, rather than chlorine, in applications such as swimming pool disinfection;
  • Encouraging new industrial users to locate facilities close to chlorine productin plants.

Euro Chlor position

Chlorine can be transported safely, as has been proven by the industry's excellent safety record in Europe over many years. Euro Chlor will continue to recommend and encourage the implementation of its own high standards, alongside EU and national regulations on transport.

However, Euro Chlor supports the minimisation of chlorine transport and it is Euro Chlor policy to encourage producers and users to avoid the need for transport wherever possible.

Code of Good Practice

1. The code includes recommendations such as:

  • Safe transport of bulk liquid chlorine by rail tanker (Code of Good Practice 80/89)
  • Safe transport of bulk liquid chlorine by road tanker vehicle (Code of Good Practice 73/20)
  • Iso tank containers for the transport of liquid chlorine under pressure (Code of Good Practice 74/31)
  • Design principles for installations for off-loading or liquid chlorine road and rail tankers and iso containers (Code of Good Practice 78/73)
  • Design principals for installations for loading of liquid chlorine into road and rail tankers and iso containers (Code of Good Practice 78/74)
  • Pneumatic valves for use on road/rail tankers or iso containers (75/46)
  • Rail wagons for the transport of liquid chlorine under pressure (78/72)
  • Emergency transfer of liquid chlorine (90/162)
  • Bolting equipment (88/134)
  • Small chlorine containers: construction and handling (88/138)
  • Guidelines for the safe distribution of chlorine (91/163)

Revised July 2005