Glossary

Explanation of Symbols and Terms
UNITS
The prefixes m (milli), µ (micro) and n (nano) represent factors of 10-3, 10-6 and 10-9 respectively.

The following units appear in this publication:

mg/kg = ppm (parts per million; weight fraction 10-6)

µg/l = ppb (parts per billion; weight fraction 10-9)

ng/l = ppt (parts per trillion; weight fraction 10-12)

08/2008

abiotic not caused by living organisms

aerobic occurring in, or involving, the presence of oxygen

anaerobic occurring in, or involving, the absence of oxygen

anthropogenic relating to environmental changes resulting from the presence of activities or humans

aortic relating to the main vessel of the heart

AOX Adsorbable Organic Halogens. This is the result of a standard analytical procedure for the determination of the sum of the halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine. The AOX value is expressed in equivalent chlorine and is sometimes called a "group parameter" or "sum parameter". It gives no information on the nature of the halogen compounds present in the sample. See also "TOX"

aquifer the section of the subsoil where groundwater accumulates

atherosclerotic relating to the deposition of lipids (fats) with the proliferation of connective tissue in the inner walls of the arteries

auxin a plant hormone able to control growth

bioavailability existence of a substance in a physical and chemical state which can be taken up by living organisms

biogenic produced by living organisms

biotic caused by living organisms

congeners as used here, this term refers to the members of the polychlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran families of compounds, including molecules having different degrees of chlorination, as well as isomers of those molecules having the same degree of chlorination

cytotoxic relating to an agent that is toxic to cells

fluvial related to or produced by streams or rivers

fulvic acids complex acids derived from humus, soluble in both acidic and basic solutions

halogenation a reaction involving introduction of a halogen into a chemical structure

halogens a family of chemical elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine

haloperoxidases enzymes capable of catalyzing the conversion of halides (e.g. chlorides) into chemically active forms of halogens, and/or of halogenating organic compounds

humic acids complex acids derived from humus, insoluble in acidic solutions, but soluble at high pHs

humification the process by which plant or animal matter is converted into humus

humus complex material resulting from partial decomposition of plant or animal matter and forming the organic portion of soil

infiltrating water precipitation seeping down from the land surface to the groundwater

lacustrine related to or produced by lakes

macrophyte a macroscopic plant, usually in the aquatic environment

microalgae phytoplankton (as opposed to macroalgae or seaweed)

NADH the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a co-enzyme involved in biological oxidation-reduction processes

organochlorines chemical compounds containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond

organohalogens chemical compounds containing at least one carbon-halogen bond

phagocytic relating to a cell that engulfs and destroys foreign matter

suboxic zone that part of a water body lying between the fully oxygenated zone (close to the surface) and deeper waters totally deprived of oxygen; it contains low concentrations of both oxygen and reduced species such as hydrogen sulphide

TOX Total Organic Halogens. As applied by ASTM (USA), the term TOX refers to the result of a standard analytical procedure (comparable to that for AOX - see above) for the determination of the sum of the halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine in unfiltered and unpurged water samples. The term TOX is also used to express total organic halogens in solid samples (soils and sediments)

troposphere the lowest 10-20 km of the atmosphere, between the earth’s surface and the tropopause.